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Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur or Mohtashami ((ペルシア語:علیاکبر محتشمی)) (born 1947) is a Shia cleric who was active in the 1979 Iranian Revolution and later became interior minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran.〔(Iran: Early Race For Clerical Assembly Gets Bitter ) ''Radio Liberty''〕 He is "seen as a founder of the Hezbollah movement in Lebanon"〔(Iranian publisher defies court ) ''BBC,'' 26 June 2000〕 and one of the "radical ... elements, advocating the export of the revolution," in the Iranian clerical hierarchy.〔Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon'', (1997) pp. 126, 103〕 In an assassination attempt targeting Mohtashami, he lost his right hand when he was opening a book loaded with explosives.〔(Ali Akbar Mohtashemi explaing story of assassination attempt and how he lost his hand. ) Iran Negah〕 ==Biography== Mohtashemi studied in the holy city of Najaf Iraq, where he spent considerable time with his mentor the Ayatollah Khomeini. He also accompanied Khomeini in the exile period in both Iraq and France.〔 He cofounded an armed group in the 1970s with Mohammad Montazeri, son of Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri, in Lebanon and Syria, aiming at assisting liberation movements in Muslim countries.〔 Following the revolution he served as Iran's ambassador to Syria from 1982 to 1986. He later became Iran's minister of interior. While ambassador to Syria, he is thought to have played a "pivotal role" in the creation of the Lebanese radical Shia organization Hezbollah, working "within the framework of the Department for Islamic Liberation Movements run by the Iranian Pasdaran." Mohtashami "actively supervised" Hezbollah's creation, merging into it existing radical Shi'ite movements: the Lebanese al-Dawa; the Association of Muslim Students; Al Amal al Islamiyya.〔John L. Esposito, ''The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality?'' Oxford University Press,(1992) pp. 146-151〕〔''Independent'', 23 October 1991〕〔Roger Faligot and Remi Kauffer, ''Les Maitres Espions,'' (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1994) pp. 412–13〕 In 1986 his "close supervision" of Hezbollah was cut short when the Office of Islamic Liberation was reassigned to Iran's ministry of foreign affairs.〔Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon'', (1997) pp. 89–90〕 He is also described as making "liberal" use of the diplomatic pouch as Ambassador, bringing in "crates" of material from Iran.〔Wright, ''Sacred Rage'', (2001), p. 88〕 The US Defense Intelligence Agency alleged that Mohtashamipur paid US$10 million for the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103. In 1989〔sometime after 17 August〕 the new Iranian president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ousted Mohtashami from the Lebanon desk of the Iranian ministry of foreign affairs, replacing him with Rafsanjani's brother Mahmud Hashemi.〔Nassif Hitti, "Lebanon in Iran's Foreign Policy: Opportunities and Constraints," in Hosshang Amirahmadi and Nader Entessar ''Iran and the Modern World'', Macmillan, (1993), p. 188〕 This was seen as an indication of Iran's downgrading of its support for Hezbollah and for a revolutionary foreign policy in general.〔Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon'', (1997) p. 104〕 In August 1991 he regained some of his influence when he became chairman of the defense committee of the Majlis (parliament) of Iran.〔Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon'', (1997), p. 106〕 More controversially, Mohtashami is thought to have played an active role, with the Pasdaran and Syrian military intelligence, in the supervision of Hezbollah's suicide bomb attacks against the American embassy in Beirut in April 1983, the American and French contingents of the MNF in October 1983 and the American embassy annex in September 1984.〔''Foreign Report'', 20 June 1985〕〔''New York Times'', 2 November 1983; and 5 October 1984〕 and to have been instrumental in the killing of Lt. Col. William R. Higgins, the American Chief of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization's (UNTSO) observer group in Lebanon who was taken hostage on 17 February 1988 by Lebanese pro-Iranian Shia radicals. The killing of Higgins is said to have come "from orders issued by Iranian radicals, most notably Mohtashemi," in an effort to prevent "improvement in the U.S.–Iranian relationship." 〔Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah'', (1997), p. 146〕 While Mohtashami was a strong opponent of Western influence in the Muslim world and of the existence of the state of Israel,〔("Iran opens 'largest' conference on Palestinian intifada" )〕 he was also a supporter and advisor of reformist Iranian president Mohammad Khatami who was famous for championing of free expression and civil rights.〔("Reformist newspaper closed in Iran" ), BBC News, 25 June 2000〕 Mohtashemi was in the Western news again in 2000, not as a hardline radical but for refusing to appear in court in Iran after his pro-reform newspaper, ''Bayan'', was banned.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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